ANALYSIS OF THE CONSTRUCTIVE AND WORKING ELEMENTS OF THE MECHANISMS FOR SOLID MUNICIPAL WASTE LOADING IN THE DUSTCART

Abstract

In cities and town settlements of Ukraine approximately 54 mils. m³  of solid municipal waste is formed annually, 93.8 % of this volume is transported to the landfills and dumps, 2 % are burnt at the incineration plants and 4.2% are directed to the recycling stations and waste recycling plants. That is why, one of the most important measures, aimed at the protection of the environment is timely collection, transportation, recycling and disposal of SMW. Growing requirements, regarding the quality of services provided to the population, including the sphere of the sanitation of the territories, stipulate high requirement to the equipment, used for these purposes.

Paper analysis the constructions and working elements of the mechanisms for solid municipal waste in the dustcart to determine the ways of their improvement. It is necessary for the provision of the municipal service of Ukraine with highly-productive multifunctional dustcarts of the manipulator type for the collection of solid municipal waste. The drive of the working organs of the mechanisms of solid municipal waste loading in the dustcart is hydraulic with the source of supply from the pumping station of the dustcart. The schemes of the domestic and foreign mechanisms for solid municipal waste loading are presented. It is noted that the general drawback of this class of machines is that they are equipped with the hydraulic drive on the base of one nonregulated pump. As a result, if it is necessary to regulate the speed of the working organs motion, part of the working fluid of the pump under high pressure will enter the hydraulic tank across the security valve, causing large unproductive power losses.

It has been established that one of the ways of improving the mechanism for solid municipal waste loading into the dustcart is the usage of the scheme, sensitive to loading. This scheme enables to minimize the power losses during hydraulic drive operation, will increase the efficiency factor indices of the control system of the working organs hydraulic drive in different operation modes.