Scientific Works of Vinnytsia National Technical University

DEPENDENCE OF GENERAL INCIDENCE OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA ON ANNUAL PERFORMANCE OF THE INCINERATION PLANT

Oleh Bereziuk — 2025-05-07

Bronchial asthma can be caused by the pollution of the environment, in particular, with flue gases of the incineration plants, Flue gas represents compound mixture of 27 components, that is why, the determination of the regression dependence of the population incidence of bronchial asthma on the performance of the incineration plant is relevant scientific-technical problem, which can be used for the prediction of the incidence of the disease. The objective of the research is the construction, by means of regression analysis, the regression dependence of the indices of general incidence of bronchial asthma on the performance of the incineration plant, it can be used for the prediction of the incidence of the disease. In the process of research method of regression analysis of the results of single-factor experiments and other paired dependences with the selection of the most adequate type of function from sixteen most widely used variants by the criterion of maximum value of the correlation coefficient was used. Regression was performed on the base of linearized transformations, which enable to reduce non-linear dependence to linear one. Determination of the coefficients of regression equations was performed, using the method of the least squares by means of the developed computer program "RegAnaliz". Regression dependence of the general incidence of the population of bronchial asthma on the performance of the incineration plant was obtained, the dependence can be used for the prediction of the indices of the incidence of such disease. Graphic dependence of general incidence of the population of bronchial asthma on the performance of the incineration plant was constructed. It enables to illustrate this dependence and show the sufficient coincidence of the theoretical results with actual. It is established that the prevalence of general incidence of the population of bronchial asthma grows with the increase of the performance of the incineration plant according to hyperbolic dependence.

REGRESSION DEPENDENCE OF THE INCIDENCE OF RESPIRATORY CANCER OF THE POPULATION OF KYIV AS A RESULT OF AIR POLLUTION WITH BENZOPYRENE

Oleh Bereziuk — 2025-05-07

Rapid improvement of modern industrial technologies and automobile transport led to important qualitative and quantitative changes in the composition and volumes of harmful emissions into the atmosphere. Impact of a number of harmful anthropogenic factors, including carcinogens, in particular, benzopyrene may cause the development of oncologic diseases. Determination of the regression dependence of the respiratory cancer incidence rate on the pollution of the atmospheric air with benzopyrene is relevant scientific-technical problem. Objective of the given research is determination of the regression dependence of the respiratory cancer incidence rate of the population on the pollution of the atmospheric air with benzopyrene, it can be used for the prediction of the incidence rate of the disease. In the process of the research method of regression analysis of the results of single-factor experiments and other paired dependences with the usage of the rational type of function from sixteen most widely-used variants by the criterion of maximum value of the correlation factor was used. Regression was performed on the base of linearized transformations, which enable to reduce non-linear dependence to linear one. Determination of the coefficients of the regression equations was carried out, applying the method of the least squares with the help of the developed computer program "RegAnaliz", protected by the Certificate of state registration of the right to the copyright object. Adequate regression hyperbolic dependence of the respiratory cancer incidence rate of the population on the pollution of the atmospheric air with benzopyrene was obtained, it can be used for the prediction of such incidence rate. Graphic interpretation of the dependence of respiratory cancer incidence rate of the population on the pollution of the atmospheric air with benzopyrene was constructed, which enables to illustrate this dependence and show the sufficient coincidence of theoretical results with actual.

DETERMINATION ON THE DEPENDENCE OF LEAD CONCENTRATION IN THE SOIL ON THE DISTANCE FROM THE DISPOSAL SITE OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN THE VILLAGE TISHNE, ZAKARPATSKA REGION

Oleh Bereziuk — 2025-05-07

In recent years the total area of the landfills of municipal solid waste and dumps, including the overloaded, which violate the norms of ecological security and are the objects of the intensive ecological loading has greatly increased on the territory of Ukraine. This process may cause the pollution of the environment with chemical substances, causing chemical pollution of soil, in particular agricultural grounds, with lead. The objective of the research is the determination of the regressive dependence of lead concentration in soil on the distance to the landfill of municipal solid waste in the village Tishne, Zakarpatska region, that is relevant scientific engineering problem. In the process of the investigation method of regression analysis of the results of single-factor experiments and other paired dependences with the selection of rational type of function from sixteen most widely used variants by the criterion of maximum value of the correlation factor was used. Regression was carried out on the base of the linearized transformations, which enable to reduce non-linear dependence to linear one. Determination of the coefficients of the regression equations was performed, applying the method of the least squares by means of the developed computer program “RegAnaliz”, protected by the Certificate of state registration of the right to the copyright object. Adequate regression power-logarithmic dependence of lead concentration in the soil on the distance to the landfill of municipal solid waste in the village Tishne, Zakarpatska region was obtained, it can be used for the determination of the level and area of the zone of chemical pollution of the soil with lead. Graphic interpretation of the dependence of lead concentration in the soil on the distance to the landfill of municipal solid waste is constructed, it enables to illustrate this dependence and show the coincidence of theoretical results with actual on the level of 0,98796. It was established that the distance from the landfill of municipal solid waste in the village Tishne, Zakarpatska region, at which the pollution of the soil with lead does not exceed the background level (boundary of the zone of weak pollution) is 135 m.

VERIFICATION OF THE TEXT AFTER GENERATION BY MEANS OF LARGE LANGUAGE MODELS FOR FILTRATION OF THE INCORRECT ANSWERS

Petro Zdebskyi — 2025-05-07

Nowadays the problem of matching large language models becomes relevant. Models are able to perform various tasks, using zero-shot approach. But as they became more intelligent, they find alternative routes for the solution of the tasks not as the researches expect. This is especially dangerous in the production environment because it is difficult to control the output of the model which was taught to be universal. In the given paper it is suggested to use one and the same model several times in different form in order to improve the quality of the generated text.
Method of accuracy increase of the models of the text content generation was further developed. In this case the user has not to provide tens of examples of the desired and non-desired behavior of the model because the model itself can do this automatically. That is, unlike the conventional methods of model accuracy enhancement, which require the training set of the models, the proposed approach includes the identification stage. As a result of identification we obtain the set of examples, on which the model learns and enhances its accuracy.
Two specific methods were proposed in the given research. The first method simply uses the model of the discriminator for the verification of the results of the generator model and repeats the request to create the text, if the results do not correspond the criteria of the user. By means of this method all the incorrect generations were removed but due to denotating the third of the correct generations as incorrect. The second approach is more complicated, besides the discriminator it uses the model of the simulator. The process required that the simulator model generated the samples of the data, entered by the user, after that the generator would generate the text of the answer for each sample and the discriminator would verify the generated results and add them to training data. This will increase the accuracy from 56 % to 66 % in the problem of logic conclusion.

ANALYSIS OF TOOLS FOR MULTIPROJECT ENVIRONMENTS MANAGEMENT: OPTIMIZATION OF THE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT

Oleg Prus — 2025-05-07

The paper considers the approach regarding the efficiency of multi-project environments management in the sphere of the software development. Main attention is paid to the detailed analysis and comparison of modern tools for monorepositories management, in particular, Lerna, Yarn Workspaces, Bazel, Rush, Pants, Bit and Nx. For the assessment of their functionality, performance, scalability. compatibility with different technological stacks and study of their impact on general efficiency of the application development, multicriterial analysis was used. Within the context of enhancing the efficiency of multi-project environment management in the sphere of the software development, where the resources contain, in particular, time and efforts of the programmers, technical infrastructure and financial facilities, when several project compete for these limited resources, there appears urgent need in complex decision-making regarding the priorities and distribution. That is why, the concept of applying complex multicriterial analysis for the assessment the tools for monorepositories management was put forward. Such approach enables to evaluate quantitively and compare different tools on the base of the previously determined criteria, using the utility formula. The work, dealing with the collection and assessment of the criteria data in the context of the software development in multi-project environments was carried out. This enabled not only to evaluate quantitively various instruments of the base of the previously determined criteria and their weights, by study the advantages and disadvantages of each of them. This study allows to reveal the most efficient variant for the enhancement of the performance and optimization of projects management processes, providing the developers of the software with necessary information. However, it is important to take into account the fact, that the selection of the specific instrument must be stipulated by the specific needs and context of a separate project. That is why, the results of this study must be considered as a prompt but not as an absolute single-valued decision.

METHOD OF RAPID SEARCH OF THE AUDIO RECORDING FRAGMENT

Olexandr Tkachenko — 2025-05-07

Taking into account large volumes of audio information, stored in musical compositions, rate and reliability of their search is of great importance. The paper describes the method of rapid search of the audio recording fragment with the improved assessment of the proximity degree between the unknown audio fragment and template, that enables to improve the authenticity of the decision making during the search. For compact description of the signal parameters mel-frequency cepstral coefficients are chosen, on their base the body of music compositions parameters is formed as the set of centroids, obtained as a result of clusterization. The notion of the reduced proper distance as the assessment of the degree of the proximity of the unknown fragment of music composition and previously created templates of the audio recordings is introduced. Application of kd-trees for searching acceleration of the unknown fragment in the body of audio recordings is substantiated, basic stages of the search are presented. Different variants of the proximity degree calculation of the unknown audio fragment with audio recording are considered, namely: assessment of the degree of the proximity by the reduced proper distance, assessment of the degree of proximity by the number of hitting into the list k of the closest centroids, assessment of the degree of proximity by the weighted quantity of getting into the list k of the closest centroids. It is shown, that the execution of non accurate but approximate vectors search on the base of kd-tree enables to achieve considerable time saving, but it leads to the reduction of the validity of the searching results. That is why, to reduce the complexity of the calculations, saving the validity of the results it is suggested to perform combined search for large archives of audio recordings, this type of search combines rapid "inaccurate" search with the application of kd-tree of several nearest audio recordings of the body for the set audio fragment at the first stage of the search, among these audio recordings at the second stage by means of the complete oversampling one the nearest is determined. The suggested method enabled to increase the completeness and relevance of the searching results.

IDENTIFICATION OF THE DEGREE OF SIMILARITY OF EDUCATIONAL SPECIALTIES ON THE BASE OF THE ANALYSIS OF THE NAHEQA EXPERTS PROFILES

Sergiy Shtovba — 2025-05-07

Academic community continues to discuss the expediency of combining specialties, belonging of various specialties to one branch of knowledge, etc. For substantiation of such solutions, it is important to have valid assessments of the similarity level of the specialties. Such assessments are necessary for correct organization of the competition for distribution of the state-budget places, merging of universities, formation of interdisciplinary educational programs, establishment of the correspondence of the teacher to education components, selection of the reviewers for the expert examination of the dissertations, manuscripts of the papers, grant applications. The paper suggests the method of identification of the similarity level of education specialties according to the register of NAHEQA experts. The method is based on the assumption that the ability of NAHEQA expert to assess the quality of education programs on different specialties is the indicator of the similarity of these specialties. The level of similarity is evaluated by Jaccard index. On the base NAHEQA registers data base of 4245 experts is formed, 2414 of them are experts in one specialty, 1361 are experts in two specialties and 470 are experts in three specialties. Identification of the similarity level of specialties is carried out. Greater part of 7260 pairs of specialties have almost zero similarity. Average level of similarity is determined for 52 pairs of specialties and 21 pair has high level of similarity. It should be noted that 9 out of 21 pairs with high similarity form specialties in different branches of knowledge. Thus, it was established that common branch profile is not identical to real similarity of the specialties. It is shown on the specific examples how to use the obtained results for substantiation of the managerial decisions regarding the launching of inter-disciplinary educational programs, merging specialties, shifting specialties into other branches of knowledge and for the formation of the groups of specialties for wide contest.

ARCHITECTURE OF THE SOFTWARE FOR SIMULATING THE PROCESSES IN BIOGAS PLANTS

Volodymyr Manzhula — 2025-05-07

Due to massive missile attacks on the objects of critical infrastructure of Ukraine emergency and stabilization power outages regularly occur in different regions of Ukraine, that is why, the current task for energy sector of the country is to increase the capacity of the available energy generating units or develop renewable sources of energy. Biogas production, using the method of the organic waste processing of human waste, farm waste and agricultural waste is one of the priority directions of the alternative (green) energy development. At the same time, enhancement of the efficiency of this production requires the development of new approaches to the processes management in biogas plants, based on the application of information technologies and methods of mathematical modeling. The given research substantiates the usage of modern information technologies and mathematical modeling on the base of the analysis of the interval data, as efficient tools for the processes management, taking place in biogas plants. Usage of the interval modeling enables to construct models with guaranteed predictive properties. The paper presents the characteristic features of the software architecture construction for mathematical modeling of the processes, taking place in biogas plants. Main aspects of the software realization, intended for modeling the processes in biogas plants are described, characteristic feature of the software is program interpretation of the interval discrete models and open service-oriented architecture, which provides their integration into the available control systems of biogas plants, it enables to perform real-time management of biochemical processes, increasing the efficiency of biogas plants performance. The research contains a number of diagrams, illustrating the peculiarities of program realization of the environment, intended for modeling the processes in biogas plants, specific features of its implementation in the universal system of simulation and modeling of biogas units SIMBA#biogas functioning is outlined.

APPLICATION OF TRANSFORMER ARCHITECTURE TO PROBLEM SUPER-RESOLUTION

Sergiy Kozlov — 2025-05-07

In the course of the last 15 years convolutional neural networks are basic approach to the solution of the problems, dealing with computer vision and demonstrate high level of productivity. However, transformer architecture, that showed high performance in the field of natural language processing, find wide application in the field, connected with the solution of computer vision problems and demonstrate comparative or even better results. The authors considered the application of the transformer architecture to super-resolution problem, the paper also contains a short review of the previous approaches. Direct application of the original transformer architecture enabled to provide the performance, comparable with the present-day convolutional neural networks. However, efficient application of transformer architecture to the problems of computer vision is connected with the challenges, following from the differences between visual and language domains. The first difference is the scale, as the images contain visual elements of various scales, this complicates their processing, using the transformer architecture, that is analogous to tokens processing in NLP, it operates with the fragments of the same size. The second difference – volume of information, as the computational complexity of self-attention processing is quadratic to the length of the input sequence, that becomes especially critical for processing of the high resolution images.
The given paper analyzes 12 papers devoted to this subject, starting from 2021, they consider various approaches, aimed at elimination of these problems. The following directions of the research may be highlighted in these papers: study of the application of local attention with the windows of different forms, in particular, dispersed attention; study of channel self-attention and its combination with spatial attention; study of the possibilities of transformer architecture enlargement by means of convolutional blocks. The above-mentioned studies enabled to improve considerably the quality of the reconstructed images, but the studies are not exhaustive.

VALUE ANALYSIS OF THE BLOCKS AND MECHANISMS OF THE KALASHIKOV ASSOULT RIFLE

Dmytro Borysiuk — 2025-05-07

Introduction of the International System of Quality ISO 9000 in Ukraine requires from the producers to use the methods of the project solutions analysis. Both input and output data of the project data must be analyzed. Enterprises, creating or developing quality products obligatory apply either standard technologies of functional-cost analysis or use their own technologies. The given paper contains functional-cost analysis of the blocks and mechanisms of Kalashnikov assault rifle. Functional model of the blocks and mechanisms of Kalashnikov assault rifle has been developed. Classification of the functions of the functional model of blocks and mechanisms of Kalashnikov assault rifle is considered. Utility factor of the blocks and mechanisms of Kalashnikov assault rifle has been determined by means of construction of the priorities matrix according to the known calculation technique. Generalized expenses criterion in the process of technical and production systems design takes into account the expenses at all stages of the system life cycle, for their assessment the expenses matrix of the blocks and mechanisms of Kalashnikov assault rifle has been constructed, cost coefficient is determined from this matrix. Utility diagram of the functions of the blocks and mechanisms of Kalashnikov assault rifle, diagram of functions ranking relatively the utility coefficient, functional-cost diagram, diagram of the functions expenses, diagram of functions ranking relatively expenses coefficient, diagram of the values of values of the index of the functional cost of the functions, diagram of functions ranking relatively the functional cost index have been constructed. Functions of the blocks and mechanisms of Kalashnikov assault rifle which have positive functional-cost index and the highest rating among the considered functions have been determined according to the constructed diagrams. Operations or functions, having the highest functional-cost index and rank are the operations, improvement of which leads to further development of the system or achieving the objective of the analysis.