ANALYSIS OF THE CONSTRUCTIONS AND DRIVES OF THE WORKING ELEMENTS OF THE MECHANISMS FOR THE COMPACTION OF SOLID MUNICIPAL WASTE IN THE DUSTCART

Abstract

Every year more than 54 mil. m³ of solid municipal waste is accumulated in Ukraine, 93.8 % of this volume are transported to the landfills and dumps, 2 % are burnt at incineration plants and 4.2 % are directed in the sites of collection of secondary raw materials and waste processing plants. That is why, public utilities of Ukraine must have at their disposal highly productive and multifunctional specialized motor vehicles, in particular, dustcarts, intended for the efficient collection of solid municipal waste (SMW).

The objective of the given research is the analysis of the constructions and drives of the working elements for the mechanisms, intended for the compaction of solid municipal waste in the dustcart for determining the possibilities of their further improvement. The research contains the analysis of the constructions and drives of the working elements of the mechanisms for solid municipal waste compaction in the dustcarts, analyzing the scientific literature sources to identify the possible ways of their efficiency improvement. Hydraulic drive of the working elements of the mechanisms for solid municipal waste compaction in the dustcart is supplied from the pump station of the dustcart. It has been determined that the general problem of this type of machines is the usage of the hydraulic drive on the base of one fixed pump. This creates the situation when for the regulation of the operation speed of the working elements part of the working fluid is directed under high pressure to the hydraulic tank across the relief valve, this results in considerable unproductive power losses.

The study, carried out, confirms that one of the methods for the improvement of the mechanisms of solid municipal waste compaction in the dustcart is the application of the scheme, sensitive to loading. This can minimize power losses of the hydraulic drive in the process of operation, and, in its turn, will improve the efficiency of the hydraulic drive control system of the working elements in different operation modes.